# EASD 2026 study: coding ledger, Saudi Arabia arm (POST-REGISTRATION)

> **Added after registration (prereg §9 D10).** Coded by the same scripts and rules as the registered arms, written here and never pooled with them. Every figure below belongs to this arm only.

**Generated by** `scripts/easd-2026-study/code.ts` `codeSaudi()` (deterministic: no wall-clock field) from a read-only pull (2026-08-22 → 2026-09-26, pulled 2026-10-05T13:30:20.369Z). **Series:** Tzield, Saudi Arabia. **Figures:** `docs/evidence/computed/easd-2026-saudi-baseline-coding.json`. **Agent set and sources:** `docs/evidence/easd-2026-t1d-agent-set.md`.

Committed outputs carry `prompt_id` only, never question text (protocol §10). Quoted spans are answer text.

## 1. Regulatory status (E3 and E3-i prerequisite)

Snapshot fetched 2026-10-05T13:22:41.937Z by `scripts/easd-2026-study/regulatory-status-t1d.ts`. Regulator records only.

| Agent | Set | Market | Status | Approved on | Record as of | Regulator | URL | Qualifying text |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sab-142 | investigational | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming SAB-142 / SAB142 among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake from this network. |
| sab-142 | investigational | US | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22SAB-142%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22SAB-142%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22SAB-142%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22SAB-142%22&limit=20 | Drugs@FDA (dataset last_updated 2026-10-02): "SAB-142": NOT_FOUND; "SAB142": NOT_FOUND. Not on CBER's approved cellular and gene therapy products list (content current as of 2026-09-17). Other licensed biologics (FDA Purple Book) were not queried. |
| sab-142 | investigational | EU | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json | No human-medicine record whose name, INN or active substance contains SAB-142 / SAB142 among 2746 records (dataset timestamp 2026-10-05T06:02:03Z); the dataset holds centrally authorised medicines, withdrawn ones and pending CHMP opinions. A new active substance for diabetes falls under the mandatory centralised procedure (Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex point 3). |
| mtx-101 | investigational | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming MTX-101 / MTX101 among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake from this network. |
| mtx-101 | investigational | US | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22MTX-101%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22MTX-101%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22MTX-101%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22MTX-101%22&limit=20 | Drugs@FDA (dataset last_updated 2026-10-02): "MTX-101": NOT_FOUND; "MTX101": NOT_FOUND. Not on CBER's approved cellular and gene therapy products list (content current as of 2026-09-17). Other licensed biologics (FDA Purple Book) were not queried. |
| mtx-101 | investigational | EU | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json | No human-medicine record whose name, INN or active substance contains MTX-101 / MTX101 among 2746 records (dataset timestamp 2026-10-05T06:02:03Z); the dataset holds centrally authorised medicines, withdrawn ones and pending CHMP opinions. A new active substance for diabetes falls under the mandatory centralised procedure (Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex point 3). |
| retogatein | investigational | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming retogatein / Diamyd / GAD-alum / rhGAD65 among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handsh… |
| retogatein | investigational | US | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22retogatein%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22retogatein%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22retogatein%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22retogatein%22&limit=20 | Drugs@FDA (dataset last_updated 2026-10-02): "retogatein": NOT_FOUND; "Diamyd": NOT_FOUND; "GAD-alum": NOT_FOUND; "rhGAD65": NOT_FOUND. Not on CBER's approved cellular and gene therapy products list (content current as of 2026-09-17). Other licensed biologics (FDA Purple Book) were not queried. |
| retogatein | investigational | EU | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json | No human-medicine record whose name, INN or active substance contains retogatein / Diamyd / GAD-alum / rhGAD65 among 2746 records (dataset timestamp 2026-10-05T06:02:03Z); the dataset holds centrally authorised medicines, withdrawn ones and pending CHMP opinions. A new active substance for diabetes falls under the mandatory centralised procedure (Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex point 3). |
| crg-002 | investigational | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming CRG-002 / CRG002 among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake from this network. |
| crg-002 | investigational | US | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22CRG-002%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22CRG-002%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22CRG-002%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22CRG-002%22&limit=20 | Drugs@FDA (dataset last_updated 2026-10-02): "CRG-002": NOT_FOUND; "CRG002": NOT_FOUND. Not on CBER's approved cellular and gene therapy products list (content current as of 2026-09-17). Other licensed biologics (FDA Purple Book) were not queried. |
| crg-002 | investigational | EU | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json | No human-medicine record whose name, INN or active substance contains CRG-002 / CRG002 among 2746 records (dataset timestamp 2026-10-05T06:02:03Z); the dataset holds centrally authorised medicines, withdrawn ones and pending CHMP opinions. A new active substance for diabetes falls under the mandatory centralised procedure (Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex point 3). |
| ct-868 | investigational | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming CT-868 / CT868 among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake from this network. |
| ct-868 | investigational | US | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22CT-868%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22CT-868%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22CT-868%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22CT-868%22&limit=20 | Drugs@FDA (dataset last_updated 2026-10-02): "CT-868": NOT_FOUND; "CT868": NOT_FOUND. Not on CBER's approved cellular and gene therapy products list (content current as of 2026-09-17). Other licensed biologics (FDA Purple Book) were not queried. |
| ct-868 | investigational | EU | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json | No human-medicine record whose name, INN or active substance contains CT-868 / CT868 among 2746 records (dataset timestamp 2026-10-05T06:02:03Z); the dataset holds centrally authorised medicines, withdrawn ones and pending CHMP opinions. A new active substance for diabetes falls under the mandatory centralised procedure (Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex point 3). |
| hdv-insulin-lispro | investigational | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming HDV-insulin / HDV-LIS / hepatocyte directed vesicle / hepatic-directed vesicle among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda… |
| hdv-insulin-lispro | investigational | US | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22HDV-insulin%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22HDV-insulin%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22HDV-insulin%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22HDV-insulin%22&limit=20 | Drugs@FDA (dataset last_updated 2026-10-02): "HDV-insulin": NOT_FOUND; "HDV-LIS": NOT_FOUND; "hepatocyte directed vesicle": NOT_FOUND; "hepatic-directed vesicle": NOT_FOUND. Not on CBER's approved cellular and gene therapy products list (content current as of 2026-09-17). Other licensed biologics (FDA Purple Book) were not queried. |
| hdv-insulin-lispro | investigational | EU | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json | No human-medicine record whose name, INN or active substance contains HDV-insulin / HDV-LIS / hepatocyte directed vesicle / hepatic-directed vesicle among 2746 records (dataset timestamp 2026-10-05T06:02:03Z); the dataset holds centrally authorised medicines, withdrawn ones and pending CHMP opinions. A new active substance for diabetes falls under the mandatory centralised procedure (Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex … |
| gzr33 | investigational | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming GZR33 / GZR-33 / GZR101 / GZR-101 among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake fro… |
| gzr33 | investigational | US | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22GZR33%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22GZR33%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22GZR33%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22GZR33%22&limit=20 | Drugs@FDA (dataset last_updated 2026-10-02): "GZR33": NOT_FOUND; "GZR-33": NOT_FOUND; "GZR101": NOT_FOUND; "GZR-101": NOT_FOUND. Not on CBER's approved cellular and gene therapy products list (content current as of 2026-09-17). Other licensed biologics (FDA Purple Book) were not queried. |
| gzr33 | investigational | EU | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json | No human-medicine record whose name, INN or active substance contains GZR33 / GZR-33 / GZR101 / GZR-101 among 2746 records (dataset timestamp 2026-10-05T06:02:03Z); the dataset holds centrally authorised medicines, withdrawn ones and pending CHMP opinions. A new active substance for diabetes falls under the mandatory centralised procedure (Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex point 3). |
| prv-101 | investigational | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming PRV-101 / PRV101 among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake from this network. |
| prv-101 | investigational | US | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22PRV-101%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22PRV-101%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22PRV-101%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22PRV-101%22&limit=20 | Drugs@FDA (dataset last_updated 2026-10-02): "PRV-101": NOT_FOUND; "PRV101": NOT_FOUND. Not on CBER's approved cellular and gene therapy products list (content current as of 2026-09-17). Other licensed biologics (FDA Purple Book) were not queried. |
| prv-101 | investigational | EU | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json | No human-medicine record whose name, INN or active substance contains PRV-101 / PRV101 among 2746 records (dataset timestamp 2026-10-05T06:02:03Z); the dataset holds centrally authorised medicines, withdrawn ones and pending CHMP opinions. A new active substance for diabetes falls under the mandatory centralised procedure (Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex point 3). |
| cnty-813 | investigational | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming CNTY-813 / CNTY813 among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake from this network. |
| cnty-813 | investigational | US | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22CNTY-813%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22CNTY-813%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22CNTY-813%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22CNTY-813%22&limit=20 | Drugs@FDA (dataset last_updated 2026-10-02): "CNTY-813": NOT_FOUND; "CNTY813": NOT_FOUND. Not on CBER's approved cellular and gene therapy products list (content current as of 2026-09-17). Other licensed biologics (FDA Purple Book) were not queried. |
| cnty-813 | investigational | EU | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json | No human-medicine record whose name, INN or active substance contains CNTY-813 / CNTY813 among 2746 records (dataset timestamp 2026-10-05T06:02:03Z); the dataset holds centrally authorised medicines, withdrawn ones and pending CHMP opinions. A new active substance for diabetes falls under the mandatory centralised procedure (Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex point 3). |
| tipifarnib | investigational | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming tipifarnib among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake from this network. |
| tipifarnib | investigational | US | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22tipifarnib%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22tipifarnib%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22tipifarnib%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22tipifarnib%22&limit=20 | Drugs@FDA (dataset last_updated 2026-10-02): "tipifarnib": NOT_FOUND. Not on CBER's approved cellular and gene therapy products list (content current as of 2026-09-17). Other licensed biologics (FDA Purple Book) were not queried. |
| tipifarnib | investigational | EU | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json | No human-medicine record whose name, INN or active substance contains tipifarnib among 2746 records (dataset timestamp 2026-10-05T06:02:03Z); the dataset holds centrally authorised medicines, withdrawn ones and pending CHMP opinions. A new active substance for diabetes falls under the mandatory centralised procedure (Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex point 3). |
| sotagliflozin | indication | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming sotagliflozin / Zynquista / Inpefa among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake fr… |
| sotagliflozin | indication | US | approved | 2023-05-26 | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22sotagliflozin%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22sotagliflozin%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22sotagliflozin%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22sotagliflozin%22&limit=20 | earliest ORIG approval NDA216203 INPEFA 20230526; NDA216203 INPEFA ("sotagliflozin": 1 application(s); "Zynquista": NOT_FOUND; "Inpefa": 1 application(s)) |
| sotagliflozin | indication | EU | not-approved | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zynquista | Zynquista: Withdrawn |
| tirzepatide | indication | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming tirzepatide / Mounjaro / Zepbound among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake fro… |
| tirzepatide | indication | US | approved | 2022-05-13 | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22tirzepatide%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22tirzepatide%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22tirzepatide%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22tirzepatide%22&limit=20 | earliest ORIG approval NDA215866 MOUNJARO 20220513; NDA215866 MOUNJARO, NDA217806 ZEPBOUND ("tirzepatide": 2 application(s); "Mounjaro": 1 application(s); "Zepbound": 1 application(s)) |
| tirzepatide | indication | EU | approved | 2022-09-15 | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mounjaro | Mounjaro (tirzepatide): "Authorised" 15/09/2022 |
| semaglutide | indication | Saudi Arabia | approved | 2026-02-01 | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | Approved: a product naming semaglutide / Ozempic / Wegovy / Rybelsus is on the list; the date is the earliest approval on the list, and registrations before its window are not shown. \| New Registration \| Generic (Multisource) Drug \| Glucentra \| Semaglutide \| 1.34 mg/ml \| Solution for injection in pre-filled pen \| 2026-02-01 \| SFDA Approved Use \| ¦ \| New Registration \| Generic(Multisource) Drug \| Tasylev \| semaglutid… |
| semaglutide | indication | US | approved | 2017-12-05 | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22semaglutide%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22semaglutide%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22semaglutide%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22semaglutide%22&limit=20 | earliest ORIG approval NDA209637 OZEMPIC 20171205; NDA209637 OZEMPIC, NDA213051 OZEMPIC, NDA213182 RYBELSUS, NDA215256 WEGOVY, NDA218316 WEGOVY ("semaglutide": 6 application(s); "Ozempic": 2 application(s); "Wegovy": 2 application(s); "Rybelsus": 2 application(s)) |
| semaglutide | indication | EU | approved | 2018-02-08 | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ozempic | Wegovy (semaglutide): "Authorised" 06/01/2022; Ozempic (semaglutide): "Authorised" 08/02/2018; Rybelsus (semaglutide): "Authorised" 03/04/2020; Kayshild (semaglutide): "Authorised" 26/03/2026; Kyinsu (insulin icodec;semaglutide): "Authorised" 24/11/2025 |
| bcg | indication | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming BCG / Bacillus Calmette among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake from this net… |
| bcg | indication | US | approved | not printed | 2026-10-02 | FDA CBER (licensed biologic product page) | https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/tice-bcg | Licensed by CBER: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/tice-bcg (STN 102821); https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/bcg-vaccine (STN 103050). Original licence date not printed on the page. Drugs@FDA: "BCG": NOT_FOUND; "Bacillus Calmette": NOT_FOUND. |
| bcg | indication | EU | not-established | not printed | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json | No centrally authorised human medicine whose name, INN or active substance contains BCG / Bacillus Calmette among 2746 records (dataset timestamp 2026-10-05T06:02:03Z). National authorisations are outside the dataset and were not checked country by country. |
| fenofibrate | indication | Saudi Arabia | not-established | not printed | 2026-02-02 | Saudi Food and Drug Authority (New SFDA Drug Approvals list) | https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/new-sfda-drug-approvals | No row naming fenofibrate / fenofibric acid among 462 rows on 47 pages, approval dates 2025-02-01 to 2026-02-02. The list covers only that approval window, so absence from it does not show non-registration. The SFDA drugs-list search (https://www.sfda.gov.sa/en/drugs-list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and was not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site (sdi.sfda.gov.sa) did not complete a TLS handshake from th… |
| fenofibrate | indication | US | approved | 1993-12-31 | 2026-10-02 | FDA (Drugs@FDA via openFDA; CBER approved cellular and gene therapy products) | https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22fenofibrate%22+OR+openfda.brand_name:%22fenofibrate%22+OR+products.brand_name:%22fenofibrate%22+OR+products.active_ingredients.name:%22fenofibrate%22&limit=20 | earliest ORIG approval NDA019304 TRICOR (MICRONIZED) 19931231; NDA019304 TRICOR (MICRONIZED), NDA021203 TRICOR, ANDA075868 FENOFIBRATE (MICRONIZED), ANDA076433 FENOFIBRATE, ANDA076635 FENOFIBRATE, NDA022224 TRILIPIX ("fenofibrate": 20 application(s); "fenofibric acid": 13 application(s)) |
| fenofibrate | indication | EU | approved | 2011-04-14 | 2026-10-05 | EMA / European Commission (EMA medicines dataset) | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/pravafenix | Cholib (fenofibrate;simvastatin): "Authorised" 26/08/2013; Pravafenix (fenofibrate;pravastatin): "Authorised" 14/04/2011 |

## 2. Scheme decisions for this arm (fixed before any answer of this arm was coded)

- **T1.** This arm was added after registration (prereg §9 D10). It is coded by the same scripts and rules as the registered arms but written to its own files, labelled post-registration, and never pooled with a registered figure. The registered outputs iterate the registered series only and are byte-identical whether or not this arm is coded.
- **T2.** E3 agent set (lib.ts T1D_AGENTS): every named molecule or product presented at EASD 2026 in a type 1 or autoimmune diabetes context, clinical or translational, that holds no marketing authorisation from FDA or EMA for any indication. Sources (EASD Final Programme session and abstract numbers) and each regulator's record: docs/evidence/easd-2026-t1d-agent-set.md, committed before any answer of this arm is coded. Teplizumab is the measured medicine and is never in the set.
- **T3.** Saudi status. The SFDA register that can be searched (the drugs list) is a POST form behind reCAPTCHA and is not submitted; the Saudi Drug Information site did not complete a TLS handshake. The SFDA list that answers a plain GET (New SFDA Drug Approvals) covers approvals from 1 Feb 2025 to 2 Feb 2026 only. An agent absent from it is therefore 'not-established' in Saudi Arabia, never inferred; by S2's rule a not-established status keeps the agent in scope and marks every code provisional. FDA and EMA records are shown beside it for the reader and never set the Saudi status.
- **T4.** S3 (what counts as a status statement) and S4 (the which-medicine rule, lib.ts CHOICE_QUESTION) apply unchanged. The clinically material count is the protocol's: status absent or wrong in a which-medicine answer.
- **T5.** Code 'not-the-agent' removes a term match that does not refer to the agent (e.g. 'BCG' meaning a consultancy, 'HDV' meaning hepatitis D virus, 'Diamyd' naming the company with no reference to its antigen therapy). Such rows are listed in the ledger and excluded from every count.
- **T6.** E3-i, EXPLORATORY and post-registration (lib.ts T1D_INDICATION_AGENTS): molecules authorised for another indication and presented at EASD 2026 as investigational in type 1 diabetes (sotagliflozin, tirzepatide, semaglutide, BCG, fenofibrate). Codes: indication-stated (the answer says the use in type 1 diabetes is off-label, not approved, investigational, or that the molecule is approved only for another condition); indication-absent (named as an option in type 1 diabetes with no such statement); indication-wrong (presented as approved or indicated for type 1 diabetes); not-a-t1d-use (named for its own indication or a non-type-1 population; not scored); not-the-agent. Exploratory material count: indication-absent or indication-wrong in a which-medicine answer.
- **T7.** E3-i sampling, fixed before coding: per window and per agent at most 60 naming answers are coded, the lowest ranks of sha256("20261005:<answer sha256>:<agent>"). Unsampled answers are counted as named and shown as NOT-SAMPLED; coded shares carry a Wilson 95% interval.
- **T8.** Non-programme context (lib.ts T1D_NON_PROGRAMME): type 1 diabetes agents verified ABSENT from the EASD 2026 programme text (zimislecel/VX-880, baricitinib, verapamil, golimumab, abatacept, ladarixin, frexalimab, otelixizumab, anti-thymocyte globulin). Naming answers are counted per engine per cycle, automatically, never coded, and no status is asserted; the count shows what answers name when they do not name the congress's agents.
- **T9.** E4 and E5 do not apply to this arm (D10). The baseline is capped at 26 Sep (D10, lib.ts BASELINE_CUTOFF_ISO). Prompts must match the first cycle at the rate already recorded (§2), which for this arm is 52 of 56 (D13): four persona-slot questions were reworded after the first cycle (24 Aug) and the 56 questions are identical from 27 Aug to 4 Oct. D12 had transcribed §2 as 54 of 56 (≥ 95%); that is not §2's rule, and it rejected every cycle after the first.

## 3. Cycle admission (protocol §2)

| Cycle | Date | Window | v | Prompts captured | Match first cycle | Captures | Admitted | Reasons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | before-v4 | 4 | 56/56 | 56 | 224 | yes | none |
| `SA-C02` | 2026-08-27 | before-v4 | 4 | 56/56 | 52 | 224 | yes | none |
| `SA-C03` | 2026-08-30 | before-v4 | 4 | 56/56 | 52 | 221 | yes | none |
| `SA-C04` | 2026-09-01 | before-v4 | 4 | 56/56 | 52 | 224 | yes | none |
| `SA-C05` | 2026-09-03 | before-v4 | 4 | 56/56 | 52 | 224 | yes | none |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | before-v4 | 4 | 56/56 | 52 | 223 | yes | none |
| `SA-C07` | 2026-09-10 | before-v4 | 4 | 56/56 | 52 | 224 | yes | none |
| `SA-C08` | 2026-09-14 | before-v4 | 4 | 56/56 | 52 | 223 | yes | none |
| `SA-C09` | 2026-09-16 | before-v4 | 4 | 56/56 | 52 | 220 | yes | none |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | before-v4 | 4 | 56/56 | 52 | 219 | yes | none |
| `SA-C11` | 2026-09-26 | before-v4 | 4 | 56/56 | 52 | 220 | yes | none |

## 4. E3: investigational-agent intrusion (type 1 diabetes agent set)

No answer among the 2446 admitted answers of 11 cycles names an agent in the set. The congress's type 1 diabetes pipeline is absent from this arm's answers in this phase, so there is no status to code.

## 5. E3-i (EXPLORATORY): approved molecules presented as investigational in type 1 diabetes

Namings (one answer naming one molecule): **112**, in 85 distinct answers (sotagliflozin 3, tirzepatide 28, semaglutide 81). Codes: indication-stated 18 · indication-absent 39 · not-a-t1d-use 34 · NOT-SAMPLED 21. Of 57 namings coded as a type 1 diabetes use (in 46 distinct answers), 39 do not state that the use is unapproved (68.4%, Wilson 95% 55.5–79.0%, treating namings as independent although several share an answer). Exploratory material count (absent or wrong in a which-medicine answer): 8.

| Window | Agent | Named | Sampled for coding |
|---|---|---|---|
| before-v4 | sotagliflozin | 3 | 3 |
| before-v4 | tirzepatide | 28 | 28 |
| before-v4 | semaglutide | 81 | 60 |

| Cycle | Date | v | Window | Perplexity | Gemini | ChatGPT | Claude |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | before-v4 | not-a-t1d-use 3 [56] | stated 3 [56] | stated 1, absent 2 [56] | not-a-t1d-use 2 [56] |
| `SA-C02` | 2026-08-27 | 4 | before-v4 | stated 1, not-a-t1d-use 2 [56] | 0 [56] | stated 1, NOT-SAMPLED 1 [56] | not-a-t1d-use 1 [56] |
| `SA-C03` | 2026-08-30 | 4 | before-v4 | not-a-t1d-use 2 [54] | NOT-SAMPLED 1 [55] | stated 1, absent 1 [56] | absent 2, NOT-SAMPLED 2 [56] |
| `SA-C04` | 2026-09-01 | 4 | before-v4 | absent 1, not-a-t1d-use 2, NOT-SAMPLED 1 [56] | stated 1 [56] | stated 1, absent 1 [56] | absent 1 [56] |
| `SA-C05` | 2026-09-03 | 4 | before-v4 | absent 2 [56] | stated 1 [56] | absent 1, NOT-SAMPLED 1 [56] | absent 2 [56] |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | before-v4 | absent 2, not-a-t1d-use 2, NOT-SAMPLED 3 [55] | stated 2, not-a-t1d-use 1 [56] | absent 3 [56] | absent 1, not-a-t1d-use 1, NOT-SAMPLED 1 [56] |
| `SA-C07` | 2026-09-10 | 4 | before-v4 | stated 1, absent 1, not-a-t1d-use 1, NOT-SAMPLED 2 [56] | stated 2 [56] | stated 1, absent 1, NOT-SAMPLED 1 [56] | not-a-t1d-use 1, NOT-SAMPLED 1 [56] |
| `SA-C08` | 2026-09-14 | 4 | before-v4 | absent 1, not-a-t1d-use 2 [55] | not-a-t1d-use 2 [56] | absent 1 [56] | not-a-t1d-use 1 [56] |
| `SA-C09` | 2026-09-16 | 4 | before-v4 | not-a-t1d-use 1, NOT-SAMPLED 1 [53] | NOT-SAMPLED 1 [55] | absent 1 [56] | absent 4, not-a-t1d-use 1 [56] |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | before-v4 | absent 1, not-a-t1d-use 2 [51] | not-a-t1d-use 1 [56] | stated 1, absent 2 [56] | absent 3, not-a-t1d-use 3, NOT-SAMPLED 1 [56] |
| `SA-C11` | 2026-09-26 | 4 | before-v4 | absent 1, not-a-t1d-use 3, NOT-SAMPLED 3 [52] | NOT-SAMPLED 1 [56] | stated 1, absent 1 [56] | absent 3 [56] |

### Ledger (sampled rows)

| Cycle | Date | v | Engine | prompt_id | Which-medicine Q | Agent | Code | Qualifying span | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q19 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | "- *Cons:* Not yet approved for T1D; potential for increased hypoglycemia risk." | none |
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | Claude | sa-q41 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "Novo Nordisk and Lifera signed an MoU in April 2025 to enable local production of semaglutide (GLP-1 treatments) in Saudi Arabia , which suggests increasing availability of advanced t" | Manufacturing news; not named as a T1D option. |
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | Claude | sa-q27 | yes | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "Novo Nordisk and Lifera signed an MoU in April 2025 to enable local production of semaglutide in Saudi Arabia , signaling improved accessibility and affordability going forward." | Manufacturing news inside a top-5 answer; not named as a T1D option. |
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q41 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "mples in Saudi market analyses include **NovoRapid**, **Levemir**, **Tresiba**, **Ozempic**, **Victoza**, and **Xultophy**.[14] \| \| **Sanofi** \| Long-standing presence in Saudi Arab" | Company product list; not framed as a T1D product. |
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "conducted in Saudi Arabia in 2023 evaluated the use of GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide and liraglutide, as adjunctive treatments in adults with T1D and overweight/obesity. The study found significant improvements in gl" | Offered as a T1D adjunct; no statement that the use is unapproved. |
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "etes treatment.[1][6] Among these, **Ozempic/Rybelsus/Mounjaro/Jardiance** are *not standard type 1 diabetes treatments*; they may be seen in Saudi pharmacies, but they are primarily type 2/weight-management m" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "etes treatment.[1][6] Among these, **Ozempic/Rybelsus/Mounjaro/Jardiance** are *not standard type 1 diabetes treatments*; they may be seen in Saudi pharmacies, but they are primarily type 2/weight-management m" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q16 | no | sotagliflozin | **indication-stated** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | none |
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q16 | no | tirzepatide | **indication-stated** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | none |
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | none |
| `SA-C01` | 2026-08-24 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q03 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "ective cohort study involving adults with T1D and overweight/obesity found that GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide and liraglutide, significantly improved glycemic control, reduced insulin requirements, and led to weight loss without incre" | Offered as a T1D adjunct; no status statement. |
| `SA-C02` | 2026-08-27 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q41 | no | tirzepatide | **indication-stated** | "While primarily for type 2 diabetes, it may be prescribed off-label for type 1 diabetes under specific medical guidance. ([[local-pharmacy-30]]([local-pharmacy-30]/p005" | none |
| `SA-C02` | 2026-08-27 | 4 | Claude | sa-q41 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "While primarily for type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and dulaglutide are gaining rapid adoption in S" | Named for its own indication (prescription growth). |
| `SA-C02` | 2026-08-27 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "s, Jardiance, and metformin** appear in Saudi pharmacy catalogs, but they are **not the core treatment for type 1 diabetes**; insulin remains essential.[1][3]" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C02` | 2026-08-27 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "s, Jardiance, and metformin** appear in Saudi pharmacy catalogs, but they are **not the core treatment for type 1 diabetes**; insulin remains essential.[1][3]" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C02` | 2026-08-27 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q37 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | "ta show no significant hypoglycemia or DKA in a small retrospective cohort, but evidence is still off-label and not standard T1D therapy[8][11] \| Popular for weight loss and adjunct use, but not fi" | none |
| `SA-C03` | 2026-08-30 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q27 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | "Clinical trials are ongoing to assess their efficacy and safety in this context. ([[commercial-or-unclassified-site-118]]([commercial-or-unclassified-site-118]/p002" | none |
| `SA-C03` | 2026-08-30 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "Recent studies in Saudi Arabia have explored the use of GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide, as adjunctive therapy in adults with T1D who are overweight or obese. A retrospective cohort study conducted be" | Offered as a T1D adjunct; no status statement. |
| `SA-C03` | 2026-08-30 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "sus, Trulicity, Saxenda** \| These are listed in Saudi pharmacies, but they are *not standard type 1 diabetes treatment*; they are more relevant to type 2 diabetes or weight management.[1][12] \|" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C03` | 2026-08-30 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "sus, Trulicity, Saxenda** \| These are listed in Saudi pharmacies, but they are *not standard type 1 diabetes treatment*; they are more relevant to type 2 diabetes or weight management.[1][12] \|" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C03` | 2026-08-30 | 4 | Claude | sa-q02 | yes | tirzepatide | **indication-absent** | "*: Local evidence shows oral semaglutide trimming HbA1c by 3.1% at 6 months and tirzepatide enabling 64.1% of patients to reach targets within 40 weeks, with combined notable weight reductions driving rapid u" | Figures attached match published type 2 diabetes data, presented in a type 1 answer without a population or status. |
| `SA-C03` | 2026-08-30 | 4 | Claude | sa-q02 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "- **GLP-1 Receptor Agonists**: Local evidence shows oral semaglutide trimming HbA1c by 3.1% at 6 months and tirzepatide enabling 64.1% of patients to reach targets within 40 weeks," | Figures attached match published type 2 diabetes data, presented in a type 1 answer without a population or status. |
| `SA-C04` | 2026-09-01 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q27 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | "Clinical trials are ongoing to assess its efficacy and safety in this context. ([[commercial-or-unclassified-site-118]]([commercial-or-unclassified-site-118]/p002" | none |
| `SA-C04` | 2026-09-01 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "ted in Saudi Arabia between January 2022 and February 2023 evaluated the use of GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide and liraglutide, as adjunctive therapy in adults with T1D and overweight/obesity. The study found that GLP-1 agonists signif" | Offered as a T1D adjunct; no status statement. |
| `SA-C04` | 2026-09-01 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "iance, Mounjaro, and Glucophage** are listed by Saudi pharmacies, but these are primarily **type 2 diabetes** treatments and are *not* the core treatment for type 1 diabetes.[2] A Saudi indication document also" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C04` | 2026-09-01 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "iance, Mounjaro, and Glucophage** are listed by Saudi pharmacies, but these are primarily **type 2 diabetes** treatments and are *not* the core treatment for type 1 diabetes.[2] A Saudi indication document also" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C04` | 2026-09-01 | 4 | Claude | sa-q31 | no | tirzepatide | **indication-absent** | "- Out-of-pocket burden deters uptake even when medications like Tirzepatide show efficacy" | Named as a medication in a T1D coverage answer; no status statement. |
| `SA-C04` | 2026-09-01 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q02 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | none |
| `SA-C04` | 2026-09-01 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q30 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "nfections**.[2] - In a Saudi retrospective cohort of adjunct **GLP-1 agonists**—mostly **semaglutide** and some **liraglutide**—HbA1c improved by **0.84%**, time-in-range improved by **15%**," | Adjunct cohort result in a T1D answer; no status statement. |
| `SA-C05` | 2026-09-03 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q41 | no | tirzepatide | **indication-absent** | "orted local manufacturing/supply activity in KSA.[4][6][11] \| \| **Eli Lilly** \| Humalog, Trulicity, Mounjaro \| Major insulin player with strong global diabetes reputation and KSA market presence.[1]" | Listed under "Main products relevant to type 1 diabetes"; no status statement. |
| `SA-C05` | 2026-09-03 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q41 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "diabetes \| Why they matter for a KSA buyer \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| **Novo Nordisk** \| NovoRapid, Levemir, Tresiba, Ozempic, Victoza, Xultophy \| Widely cited as a KSA leader; strong insulin portfolio and Saudi-spe" | Listed under "Main products relevant to type 1 diabetes"; no status statement. |
| `SA-C05` | 2026-09-03 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "Recent studies in Saudi Arabia have explored the use of GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide, as adjunctive therapy in adults with T1D who are overweight or obese. Findings indicate that GLP-1 agonists can" | Offered as a T1D adjunct; no status statement. |
| `SA-C05` | 2026-09-03 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q16 | no | sotagliflozin | **indication-stated** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | none |
| `SA-C05` | 2026-09-03 | 4 | Claude | sa-q02 | yes | tirzepatide | **indication-absent** | "th access and resources, oral semaglutide trimmed HbA1c by 3.1% at 6 months and tirzepatide enabled 64.1% of patients to reach targets within 40 weeks , though premium pricing limits access even though GLP-1" | Figures attached match published type 2 diabetes data, presented in a type 1 answer without a population or status. |
| `SA-C05` | 2026-09-03 | 4 | Claude | sa-q02 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "For patients with access and resources, oral semaglutide trimmed HbA1c by 3.1% at 6 months and tirzepatide enabled 64.1% of patients to reach targets within 40 weeks ," | Figures attached match published type 2 diabetes data, presented in a type 1 answer without a population or status. |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q27 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | ") **GLP-1 Receptor Agonists** GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, are emerging adjunctive treatments for T1D. They help manage blood sugar levels and may support weight loss. Clinical studies in Sau" | "Emerging" and past studies are not a status statement (S3). |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q41 | no | tirzepatide | **indication-absent** | "ablished KSA presence and broad diabetes footprint.[9][2] \| \| **Eli Lilly** \| **Humalog, Trulicity, Mounjaro** \| Important in insulin and advanced diabetes therapy; strong tertiary-hospital relevanc" | Listed under "Products most relevant to type 1 diabetes"; no status statement. |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "A 2023 study in Saudi Arabia evaluated the use of GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide and liraglutide, as adjunctive treatments in adults with T1D and obesity. The findings indicated significant improvements in glycem" | Offered as a T1D adjunct; no status statement. |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | Claude | sa-q32 | yes | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "Additionally, Novo Nordisk and Lifera signed an MoU in April 2025 to enable local production of semaglutide in Saudi Arabia , which is expanding treatment options." | Manufacturing news; not named as a T1D option. |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "Rybelsus, Jardiance, and Synjardy** are sold in Saudi pharmacies, but these are primarily for type 2 diabetes/weight-related indications, not standard type 1 insulin replacement.[2][12][17]" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q11 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "- **Ozempic, Rybelsus, Mounjaro, and similar medicines are not standard treatment for type 1 diabetes**; they appear in Saudi diabetes pharmacy listings, but they are mainly used for type 2 d" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q03 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "LP-1 Receptor Agonists**: A retrospective cohort study in Saudi Arabia compared GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide) with SGLT2 inhibitors in T1D patients over 12 months. The study found that GLP-1 receptor agonists led to significan" | Offered as a T1D adjunct; no status statement. |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | Claude | sa-q30 | no | tirzepatide | **indication-absent** | "For patients taking GLP-1-RA drugs like semaglutide and tirzepatide, the five-year risk of major cardiovascular events and end-stage kidney disease were redu" | Outcome data in a T1D answer without population or status. |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q34 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | [Gemini answer text withheld]named-patient pathway[Gemini answer text withheld] | Named for its own indication, to illustrate an access pathway. |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q37 | yes | tirzepatide | **indication-stated** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | none |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q37 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | none |
| `SA-C06` | 2026-09-08 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q30 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "nsumer-friendly” upgrade for everyone.[1] - **Semaglutide** and **liraglutide** were the main GLP-1 agonists reported in a Saudi retrospective cohort, but these are *adjuncts* and not standard replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes.[6] -" | "Not standard replacement therapy" is not a status statement. |
| `SA-C07` | 2026-09-10 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q27 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | "Clinical trials are ongoing in Saudi Arabia to assess their efficacy and safety. ([[commercial-or-unclassified-site-118]]([commercial-or-unclassified-site-118]/p001" | none |
| `SA-C07` | 2026-09-10 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q27 | yes | tirzepatide | **indication-stated** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | none |
| `SA-C07` | 2026-09-10 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q27 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | none |
| `SA-C07` | 2026-09-10 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q41 | no | tirzepatide | **indication-absent** | "Xultophy** from Novo Nordisk; **Lantus, Toujeo, and Soliqua** from Sanofi; and **Humalog, Trulicity, and Mounjaro** from Eli Lilly.[7] That said, for **type 1 diabetes**, the core products are the **insulins** rather tha" | Listed among the most important products "for type 1 diabetes specifically", then qualified as mainly type 2; no status statement. |
| `SA-C07` | 2026-09-10 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "Recent studies in Saudi Arabia have explored the use of GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide and liraglutide, as adjunctive treatments for adults with Type 1 diabetes who are overweight or obese. These medications have shown" | Offered as a T1D adjunct; no status statement. |
| `SA-C07` | 2026-09-10 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "treatment** in Saudi Arabia, the most relevant consumer choice is **insulin**, not GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic, Mounjaro, or Rybelsus, because people with type 1 diabetes need daily insulin to survive.[4][16] In the Saudi m" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C07` | 2026-09-10 | 4 | Claude | sa-q38 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "As of February 2026, generic semaglutide (Ozempic) received SFDA approval in Saudi Arabia , making GLP-1 therapy more accessible." | Market fact; not named as a T1D option. |
| `SA-C07` | 2026-09-10 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q37 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | "cts and very few serious events reported in the Saudi cohort; however, they are still off-label adjuncts for T1D in many settings.[7][8] \| **Popular in Saudi market**: a Saudi T1D cohort used mostly **s" | none |
| `SA-C08` | 2026-09-14 | 4 | Claude | sa-q41 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "Novo Nordisk and Lifera signed an MoU in April 2025 to enable local production of semaglutide (GLP-1 treatments) in Saudi Arabia , indicating movement toward local manufacturing to im" | Manufacturing news; not named as a T1D option. |
| `SA-C08` | 2026-09-14 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "Recent studies in Saudi Arabia have explored the use of GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide and liraglutide, as adjunctive treatments in adults with Type 1 diabetes who are overweight or obese. These medications have shown" | Offered as a T1D adjunct; no status statement. |
| `SA-C08` | 2026-09-14 | 4 | Gemini | sa-f01 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | Listed among drugs for managing diabetes in contrast to Tzield; not named as a T1D option. |
| `SA-C08` | 2026-09-14 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "market, such as **Ozempic**, **Mounjaro**, **Jardiance**, and **Rybelsus**, are primarily type 2 diabetes products; they are *not* the core treatment for type 1 diabetes.[2][11][14][16] - **How to think a" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C08` | 2026-09-14 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "market, such as **Ozempic**, **Mounjaro**, **Jardiance**, and **Rybelsus**, are primarily type 2 diabetes products; they are *not* the core treatment for type 1 diabetes.[2][11][14][16]" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C08` | 2026-09-14 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | Market trend; named for its own indication. |
| `SA-C08` | 2026-09-14 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q30 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "consumer-level caution: - Some newer **adjunct drugs** studied in Saudi Arabia, such as **empagliflozin** or **semaglutide**, may improve glucose-related measures, but they are **not standard core treatment for T1D" | "Not standard core treatment" is not a status statement. |
| `SA-C09` | 2026-09-16 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q27 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "or Agonists (e.g., Semaglutide)** GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, are used to manage blood sugar levels in T1D patients. They can help reduce appetite and support weight loss, which is beneficial for overall h" | Presented as used in T1D; no status statement. |
| `SA-C09` | 2026-09-16 | 4 | Claude | sa-q16 | no | tirzepatide | **indication-absent** | "### **Tirzepatide (Mounjaro)** - Tirzepatide is expected to become increasingly available in Saudi Arabia and has shown promising glycemic control and weight loss - Tirzepatide is" | Heading in a T1D options answer; no status statement. |
| `SA-C09` | 2026-09-16 | 4 | Claude | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "ovy)** - Semaglutide was the largest segment with 73.9% revenue share in 2025 - Semaglutide is the most widely used GLP-1 RA in Saudi Arabia, accounting for over 70% of all public-sector market share - Growing availability but les" | Heading in a T1D options answer; no status statement. |
| `SA-C09` | 2026-09-16 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "**, insulin remains the core treatment, while some of those other medicines are more relevant to type 2 or other indications.[1][2][12][18]" | Named for its own indication. |
| `SA-C09` | 2026-09-16 | 4 | Claude | sa-q23 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "Ozempic carries a "Limitations of Use" statement: "Not indicated for use in type 1 diabetes mellitus or treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis."" | Named to rule it out for T1D, quoting the label limitation of use. |
| `SA-C09` | 2026-09-16 | 4 | Claude | sa-q30 | no | tirzepatide | **indication-absent** | "available in Saudi Arabia, oral semaglutide trims HbA1c by 3.1% at 6 months and tirzepatide enables 64.1% of patients to reach targets within 40 weeks, with notable weight reductions ." | Figures attached match published type 2 diabetes data, presented in a type 1 answer without a population or status. |
| `SA-C09` | 2026-09-16 | 4 | Claude | sa-q30 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "For newer treatments available in Saudi Arabia, oral semaglutide trims HbA1c by 3.1% at 6 months and tirzepatide enables 64.1% of patients to reach targets within 40 weeks, w" | Figures attached match published type 2 diabetes data, presented in a type 1 answer without a population or status. |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q27 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | "ww.nature.com/articles/s41574-025-01154-4?utm_source=openai) **GLP-1 Agonists** While primarily approved for type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 agonists like semaglutide are being explored for T1D management. Clinical trials a" | none |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | Claude | sa-q41 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "Novo Nordisk and Lifera signed an MoU in April 2025 to enable local production of semaglutide (GLP-1 treatments) in Saudi Arabia , and Sanofi's collaboration with Sudair Pharma Compan" | Manufacturing news; not named as a T1D option. |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q41 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "with strong tender depth and long-acting analog strength.[10] - **Eli Lilly:** Humalog, Trulicity, Mounjaro; described as a leader with rapid uptake and tertiary-hospital reach.[10] - **Medtronic:*" | Company product list; not framed as a T1D product. |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q41 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "**Best-known products in the Saudi market** - **Novo Nordisk:** NovoRapid, Levemir, Ozempic; the company is described as a leader in Saudi diabetes care.[10] - **Sanofi:** Lantus, T" | Company product list; not framed as a T1D product. |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "The findings indicated significant improvements in glycemic control, weight reduction, and insulin requirements, suggesting a promising role for GLP-1 agonists in T1D management. ([diabetesjournals.org](https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes" | Offered as a T1D adjunct; no status statement. |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | Gemini | sa-q05 | yes | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | [Gemini answer text withheld] | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | Claude | sa-q16 | no | tirzepatide | **indication-absent** | "Once-weekly insulin icodec promises higher adherence, and local evidence shows oral semaglutide and tirzepatide are delivering significant HbA1c reductions and weight loss benefits." | In a T1D answer; no status statement. |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | Claude | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "Once-weekly insulin icodec promises higher adherence, and local evidence shows oral semaglutide and tirzepatide are delivering significant HbA1c reductions and weight loss benefits." | "Not first-line" is not a status statement. |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q03 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "- **GLP-1 Receptor Agonists:** Medications like semaglutide and liraglutide have been evaluated for their efficacy in T1D management. A multicenter study in Riyadh found that adding GLP-1 receptor agonists to insulin thera" | Past evaluation is not a status statement (S3). |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | Claude | sa-q01 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "generic semaglutide Ozempic in Saudi Arabia, enabling commercialization of the diabetes and weight-management treatment ." | Approval news; not named as a T1D option. |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | Claude | sa-q14 | no | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "Novo Nordisk and Lifera signed an MoU in April 2025 to enable local production of semaglutide (GLP-1 treatments) in Saudi Arabia, aligning with national priorities ." | Manufacturing news; not named as a T1D option. |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | Claude | sa-q03 | no | sotagliflozin | **indication-absent** | "nied by weight loss and reduction of daily insulin doses with SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin and sotagliflozin) in combination with insulin." | Completed phase III evidence in T1D; no status statement. |
| `SA-C10` | 2026-09-21 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q37 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "If you mean **medicine add-ons to insulin**, the **safest-looking adjunctive option in Saudi data is GLP-1 receptor agonists** (for example, **semaglutide** and **liraglutide**), because Saudi studies reported **no" | Offered as the safest T1D add-on; no status statement. |
| `SA-C11` | 2026-09-26 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q27 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-stated** | "Clinical trials are ongoing in Saudi Arabia to assess its efficacy alongside insulin therapy. ([[commercial-or-unclassified-site-118]]([commercial-or-unclassified-site-170]/p001" | none |
| `SA-C11` | 2026-09-26 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q27 | yes | semaglutide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "is also a reported **first generic semaglutide** launch in Saudi Arabia, but **semaglutide is not a standard Type 1 diabetes treatment**, so it should not be counted among the top Type 1 options for this question.[19]" | Named to rule it out for T1D. |
| `SA-C11` | 2026-09-26 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q41 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "**Mounjaro** and **Trulicity** are also associated with Lilly, though these are more relevant to diabetes management overall than type 1 specifically.[11] - **AstraZeneca:** **Forxiga** appears in Saudi market coverage, but this is mainly" | Named for its own indication. |
| `SA-C11` | 2026-09-26 | 4 | ChatGPT | sa-q16 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "A retrospective cohort study conducted in Saudi Arabia between January 2022 and February 2023 found that adding semaglutide to insulin therapy resulted in a significant reduction in HbA1c levels, improved time in range (TIR), and weight los" | Heading "Semaglutide" in a T1D options answer; no status statement. |
| `SA-C11` | 2026-09-26 | 4 | Claude | sa-q12 | yes | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "ely available, established clinical experience - **Alternative/Complementary**: GLP-1 therapies like semaglutide (now with generic approval) for enhanced glycemic control and metabolic benefits - **Access**: Utilize public hospita" | Offered as a T1D alternative citing the generic approval, which a reader may take as approval for T1D; not coded wrong because no T1D indication is claimed. |
| `SA-C11` | 2026-09-26 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q09 | no | tirzepatide | **not-a-t1d-use** | "sk and Sanofi insulin brands**, with **Eli Lilly** also clearly present through **Humalog** and **Mounjaro** in Saudi market listings.[1][2][12][15] Saudi market research also identifies **Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Eli Lill" | Company presence; not named as a T1D option. |
| `SA-C11` | 2026-09-26 | 4 | Claude | sa-q30 | no | tirzepatide | **indication-absent** | "lore newer medications, recent research on GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs such as semaglutide (Ozempic) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro) shows the five-year risk of major cardiovascular events and the risk of end-stage kidney" | Outcome data in a T1D answer without population or status. |
| `SA-C11` | 2026-09-26 | 4 | Claude | sa-q30 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "lore newer medications, recent research on GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs such as semaglutide (Ozempic) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro) shows the five-year risk of major cardiovascular events and the risk of end-stage kidney" | Outcome data in a T1D answer without population or status. |
| `SA-C11` | 2026-09-26 | 4 | Perplexity | sa-q20 | no | semaglutide | **indication-absent** | "eceptor agonists** have mainly **GI side effects** such as nausea and vomiting; Saudi real-world data on semaglutide reported GI problems as the most common adverse effect, and other Saudi studies similarly" | Side effects of a T1D adjunct; no status statement. |

## 6. Non-programme context (descriptive, never coded; T8)

Answers naming a type 1 diabetes agent that is absent from the EASD 2026 programme, per agent: zimislecel 9, baricitinib 3, verapamil 1.

| Agent | Cycle | Perplexity | Gemini | ChatGPT | Claude |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| zimislecel | `SA-C01` | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| zimislecel | `SA-C03` | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| zimislecel | `SA-C05` | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| zimislecel | `SA-C06` | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| zimislecel | `SA-C07` | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| zimislecel | `SA-C08` | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| zimislecel | `SA-C11` | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| baricitinib | `SA-C02` | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| baricitinib | `SA-C09` | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| baricitinib | `SA-C11` | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| verapamil | `SA-C03` | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |